Ea  M:a 


EMMA  A.  LYON 


J 

' 


•  .  i 


The  new  ground ,  where  many  of  the  Lone  Pine  Principals  dreams  may  be  realized 


The  Lone  Pine  Principal 


A  Sketch  of  Emma  A.  Lyon’s  Work  in  the 
Christian  Girls’  School,  Nanking,  China 


BY 

EVA  N.  DYE 


POWELL  &  WHITE 
Cincinnati.  O. 


The  Lone  Pine  Principal's  home  in  China 


Copyright  1922 

POWELL  &  WHITE 
Cincinnati,  O. 


i 


Printed  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


Foreword 


For  fifteen  years  the  writer  has  known  and 
loved  Emma  A.  Lyon,  of  Lone  Pine,  Pleasant 
Valley,  Pennsylvania.  During  three  vacations 
from  China,  in  public  and  private,  in  church 
and  home,  in  Michigan  and  California,  these 
stories  have  been  heard  over  and  over  until 
shady  walks  and  dim  halls,  with  groups  of 
happy,  Chinese  girls  seem  very  familiar,  and 
Miss  Chen,  Mrs.  Hwan  and  little  Whei  Sen 
dear  companions. 

These  few  sketches  have  been  gathered  to¬ 
gether  and,  with  the  assistance  of  Lucy  King 
DeMoss,  put  into  book  form,  not  as  a  bit  of 
literature,  but  as  an  appreciation  of  a  great 
work,  hoping  that  a  host  of  other  friends  may 
thus  come  to  share  this  close  fellowship  with 
the  Christian  Girls'  School,  Nanking,  China. 
May  some  mothers’  girls,  perchance  one  of  the 
writer’s  among  them,  catch  here  a  glimpse  of 
their  future. 


EVA  NICHOLS  DYE. 


7 


cjftc  Jone  Pine  Principal 


LOOKING  BACKWARD 


R.  WILLIAM  E.  MACKLIN  arrived 
in  Nanking  in  1886  from  Japan  from 
whence  in  1889  he  brought  his  little 
bride,  Dorothy  DeLany  Garst.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Frank  Eugene  Meigs,  and  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Edward  T.  Williams  joined  them  in  1887. 
The  gospel  of  healing,  education  and  evangel¬ 
ism  was  exemplified  in  these  three  pioneer 
families.  In  1889  Mr.  Meigs  began  his  boys’ 
school  for  developing  native  leaders.  In  1910 
this  school  was  merged  in  the  Union  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Nanking,  fulfilling  the  dream  of  his 


life. 

"A  scholar,  without  going  outside  his  door, 
knows  everything  under  heaven.” 


8 


^te  o /one  Pine  Principal 


This  proverb  typified  Chinese  education  of 
that  day.  Students  committed  to  memory  the 
four  books  and  five  classics  and  recited  them 
as  by  metre,  swinging  from  one  foot  to  another, 
with  back  turned  to  the  teacher  lest  they  see  the 
book.  When  ready  for  the  A.  B.  or  Siu  Tsai 
degree,  they  came  to  Nanking  where  they  en¬ 
tered  the  Examination  Halls.  These  consisted 
of  27,000  cells,  each  about  six  feet  high,  three 
feet  wide,  and  four  feet  long.  Each  student 
was  assigned  to  a  separate  cell  which  was 
equipped  with  movable  boards  which  served 
as  seat  and  desk.  The  necessary  food,  dry  rice, 
cakes  and  tea,  together  with  bean-oil  lamps,  in 
most  cases  were  taken  in  by  the  students  them¬ 
selves.  Here  they  remained  nine  days  in  three 
sessions,  writing  their  thesis  on  some  quota¬ 
tion  from  the  classics.  Students  often  died 
during  these  days  and  their  bodies  were  thrown 


Examina¬ 
tion  Cells 


9 


c7lte  o (pne  Pine  Principal 


over  the  wall,  superstition  forbidding  their 
being  brought  out  the  front  door.  Higher  de¬ 
grees  were  taken  in  Peking.  One  having  re¬ 
ceived  the  highest  degree  might  still  consider 
China  the  center  of  the  earth  and  all  the  rest 
of  the  world  uncivilized.  This  system  was  in 
existence  twelve  hundred  years. 

Not  more  than  one  woman  in  a  thousand  and 
one  man  in  a  hundred  could  read  and  write.  The 
need  of  a  school  for  girls  therefore  grew  in  the 
minds  and  hearts  of  the  workers.  Carrie  Loos 
Williams’  most  earnest  desire  was  to  teach  the 
girls  of  China.  The  first  attempt  was  made  in 
the  home  of  Mrs.  Molland  in  Wuhu  where  she 
and  Rose  Sickler  gathered  a  few  girls  and 
women,  hoping  that  a  Girls’  School  would  even¬ 
tually  be  built  there.  The  China  Mission,  how¬ 
ever,  decided  that  such  a  school  should  be  in 
Nanking,  the  strategical  point  from  which  to 
reach  the  largest  number,  it  being  a  city  of 
500,000  population,  of  great  historical  import- 


Girls  oj 
China 


10 


cfltejone,  Pine  Principal 


ance,  and  a  noted  Chinese  educational  center. 
Today  this  decision  seems  to  have  been  made 
with  prophetic  vision. 

“Before  they  call,  I  will  answer  and  while 
they  are  yet  speaking,  I  will  hear.” 


FROM  LONE  PINE  TO  PURPLE 

MOUNTAIN 

While  the  workers  in  China  were  dreaming 
of  and  planning  for  a  school  to  educate  and 
uplift  the  women  of  China,  the  Master  Mis¬ 
sionary  was  preparing  the  one  who  would  one 
day  make  the  dream  come  true.  Trudging  to 


school  and 


going  to  church,  listening  to  the 
simple  gospel  as  taught  by  the 
Streators,  Darsies,  Hertzog,  and 
Hoffman,  a  quiet,  thoughtful 
child  lifting  her  eyes  to  the  lone 
pine  on  the  hill-top  was  seeing 
seemingly  impossible  visions  of 
unknown  peoples  and  lands. 
Later  at  Bethany  College,  the 
teaching  and  ringing  challenges 
of  A.  McLean  crystallized  this 
thought,  and  sealed  the  purpose 
of  this  young  girl  to  give  her  life 
for  Christ  in  some  foreign  land. 


First  Day  School  in 
rented  house 


II 


cTKc  Joylc  Pine  Principal 


In  1892  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  T.  Williams  were  at 
home  on  furlough,  visited  Bethany  College, 
and  asked  this  young  woman  to  go  to  China 
to  open  a  school  for  girls,  which  she  con¬ 
sented  to  do,  thus  fulfilling  the  promise. 

The  same  year  this  Bethany  girl  graduate 
left  college  halls  for  China  in  company  with  a 
group  going  to  Japan.  The  next  four  years 
were  busy  ones,  learning  the  language,  teach¬ 
ing  in  the  boys’  school,  doing  evangelistic 
work  in  the  homes  and  hospitals.  Finally  a 
room  was  rented  in  the  residence  of  an  official 
where  a  school  was  opened.  Mrs.  Tsao  was 
the  first  Christian  woman  teacher,  her  husband 
being  a  teacher  in  the  boys’  school.  For 
twenty-five  years  Mrs.  Tsao  has  been  untiring 
and  is  now  a  faithful  Bible  woman  working 
with  Mary  Kelly  at  South  Gate.  Her  daughter, 
since  a  graduate  of  the  Christian  Girls’  School, 


12 


cjjie  Jonc  Pine  Principal 


was  one  of  the  first  twenty-one  girls 
to  enter  the  Co-educational  Chinese 
Teachers’  College  in  Nanking  last  year. 
The  teacher  from  Lone  Pine,  working 
side  by  side  with  Mrs.  Tsao,  was  too  busy 
with  the  present  to  even  dream  of  what 

The  fu  st  Jive  guis  with  a  quarter  of  a  century  would  accomplish. 

Miss  Lyons,  matron 

and  teacher  While  these  two  taught  this  little  school  in 

a  rented  room,  the  first  real  building  was  going 
up  on  the  small  piece  of  ground  bought  for 
that  purpose.  This  building  cost  $1,400.00 
and  was  a  year  in  the  building,  being  ready  for 
opening  in  the  fall  of  1896.  This  first  building 
was  erected  in  memory  of  Carrie  Loos  (Mrs. 
E.  T.)  Williams  who  had  been  called  home  be¬ 
fore  hopes  for  educating  Chinese  women  were 
ever  realized. 

Five  girls  entered  the  Christian  Girls’ 
School.  There  were  fewer  pupils  because  of 
the  principle  of  self  support  upon  which  the 
school  was  founded  and  also  because  Chinese 
parents  thought  girls  were  not  worth  educat¬ 
ing  and  that  the  money  should  be  used  in  edu¬ 
cating  the  boys.  The  young  teacher  endured 
much  criticism  because  of  the  requirement  of  a 
fee  for  tuition  and  board,  ranging  from  two  to 
twenty-five  dollars  a  year.  Before  the  first 
year  was  closed,  fifteen  girls  had  entered,  these 
being  mostly  children  of  the  Christians. 


13 


Jone  Pine,  Principal 


FIRST  GIRL  GRADUATES 


Two  of  the  girls  who  entered  that  first  year 
were  the  first  graduates,  Hsia  Kwei  Djen  and 
Chen  Shiren.  Miss  Hsia  Kwei  Djen  (Shaw 
Gway  Jin)  was  the  daughter  of  one  of  the  first 
Chinese  evangelists  in  Nanking,  a  converted 


Miss  Chen 
with  her  girls 


boatman.  In  one  of  the  better  homes  in  Shang¬ 
hai  you  will  find  Kwei  Djen,  the  happy  mother 
of  three  fine  boys,  a  splendid  housekeeper,  and 
a  faithful  wife. 

Miss  Chen’s  stepfather  engaged  her  to  the 
son  of  a  rich  farmer  for  about  thirty-five 
dollars,  soon  after  entering  school.  This  boy 
was  sent  to  the  boys’  school  but  had  to  be  ex¬ 
pelled  for  serious  misdemeanors.  Later,  Miss 
Chen  realized  what  such  an  alliance  would 
mean  with  this  young  man 
whom  she  had  never  seen, 
and  refused  to  marry  him. 

The  Lone  Pine  Principal 
found  strange  new  duties 
awaiting  her  daily,  and 
now  through  the  middle 
man,  day  after  day,  tried 
to  make  some  agreement 


Wk 


14 


cTKc  Jone  Pine  Principal 


with  the  boy’s  father  to  release  this  girl.  After 
several  months  of  parleying  back  and  forth, 
an  agreement  was  reached  whereby  one 
hundred  dollars  was  paid  to  break  the  engage¬ 
ment.  As  the  boy’s  father  was  a  very  cruel 
man,  hanging  his  own  wife  to  the  ceiling  by 
the  hair  of  her  head,  it  was  feared  he  would 
treat  a  daughter-in-law  even  worse.  Miss 
Chen  remained  in  the  school,  teaching  to  re¬ 
pay  her  beloved  teacher  the  money  loaned  her. 
Her  wages  the  first  year  were  fifty  cents  a 
month  and  her  board. 

In  1914  Miss  Chen  was  elected  Assistant 
Principal  of  the  school  and  has  since  shared  the 
administrative  duties.  Whether  as  registrar, 
supervisor  of  the  normal  school,  teacher,  per¬ 
sonal  worker,  leader  of  student  morning  watch, 
Bible  Class  teacher  in  government  normal,  or 
whatever  other  duties  awaited  her,  Miss  Chen 
has  proved  faithful,  efficient  and  most  helpful 
in  every  way.  Many  other  positions  have  been 
offered  her  by  the  government  and  the  Chinese 
Missionary  Society,  but  she  feels  called  to  do 


One  rainy  Sunday 
on  the  way  to 
Church 


clPe  done  Pine  Principal  s 


15 


this  work  and  the  school  could  not  now  well 
do  without  her.  So  she  goes  on,  side  by  side, 
and  step  by  step,  with  the  girl  from  Pleasant 
Valley. 


DISTINGUISHED  VISITORS  AT 

CHURCH 


One  rainy,  muddy  Sunday,  the  girls,  as  their 
custom  was,  marched  in  a  body  to  the  services 
in  the  first  church  built  on  the  Drum  Tower 
Hospital  grounds.  The  Lone  Pine  Principal 
sat  at  one  side  to  see  that  the  boys  did  not 
distract  the  attention  of  her  girls,  as  it  was 
unusual  for  better  class  girls  to  be  seen  on  the 
streets  and  in  public  places.  Church  had  be¬ 
gun  and  the  Chinese  preacher  was  already 


Mrs.  Hwan  and 
her  four 
daughters 


16 


cTfte  Jonc  Pine  Principal 


speaking  when  a  stir  was  made  as  a  man  and 
wife  and  two  children  walked  with  quiet 
dignity  down  an  aisle  and  took  their  places 
without  talking  aloud  or  making  any  disturb¬ 
ance.  They  did  not  smoke  pipes  during  the 
service,  neither  were  they  encumbered  with 
chickens  or  vegetables,  as  on  the  way  to 
market.  On  the  contrary,  they  sat  reverently 
listening  to  the  preacher  and  caused  general 
consternation  by  actually  singing  the  tune 
when  a  song  was  announced.  The  usual  cus¬ 
tom  seemed  to  be  for  each  one  in  the  audience 
to  sing  as  independently  as  to  time  and  origin¬ 
ally  as  to  tune  as  was  possible,  so  this  most 
unprecedented  proceeding  attracted  general 
attention  and  comment.  At  the  close  of  the 
service,  the  father  and  mother  inquired  of  the 
Lone  Pine  Principal  where  there  was  a  good 


Showed  them  the  building 


clKc  done  Pine  Principal 


17 


girls’  school  to  which  they  could  send  their 
daughter.  Her  heart  began  to  beat  faster  as 
she  spoke  with  these  high  class  people  and  saw 
the  door  opening  which  so  far  had  been  tightly 
closed.  Rain  and  mud  were  almost  forgotten 
as  she  led  them  to  the  school  compound,  fol¬ 
lowed  by  her  group  of  curious  girls,  regretting 
the  lack  of  sidewalks,  as  they  had  to  wade 
through  pools  of  mud  on  the  school  grounds 
to  get  to  the  building. 

Once  inside,  the  distinguished  guests  were 
seated  in  the  reception  room  where  tea,  water¬ 
melon  seeds,  salted  peanuts  and  little  cakes 
were  served.  Then  the  excited  young  principal 
showed  them  over  the  building.  The  following 
week  the  daughter,  Hwan  Lee  Chan,  entered 
the  school. 

Mr.  Hwan  had  been  converted 
when  a  boy,  in  a  German  Evan¬ 
gelical  mission  in  Canton,  and 
was  educated  in  Germany.  He 
returned  home  and  preached  for 
a  number  of  years,  later  acting 


Mrs.  H wan’s  third  daughter  and 
little  grand-daughter  with  the 
Lone  Pine  Principal 


18 


cTfic  Jgfie  Pine  Principal 


as  interpreter  to  the  German  Consul  in  which 
service  he  came  to  Nanking.  He  never  gave 
up  his  active  Christian  work.  A  few  years 
later  he  died,  leaving  Mrs.  Hwan  with  five 
children.  Ever  since  that  time  she  has  been 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  girls’  school, 
influencing  many  another  high  class  family 
to  send  their  girls  there,  lecturing  to  the 
classes  of  girls,  helping  entertain  the  Chinese 
ladies  who  call  at  the  school,  accompanying 
the  missionaries  when  making  calls  on  im¬ 
portant  personages,  coaching  them  that  no 
breach  of  Chinese  etiquette  be  made.  She 
has  also  acted  as  middleman  in  many  business 
transactions,  such  as  buying  land,  interview¬ 
ing  officials  and  especially  as  go-between  for 
the  Christian  boys  in  school  and  university,  in 
helping  them  choose  Christian  girls  for  their 
wives,  arranging  the  engagements,  and  assist¬ 
ing  later  in  the  wedding  feasts.  She  has  had 
the  joy  of  seeing  all  her  own  girls  baptized  and 
come  into  the  church  and  three  of  them  go  into 


Two  little 
grandsons 
hand  in 
hand 


c7Pc  Joitc  Pine  Principal 


19 


homes  of  their  own,  marrying  Christian  men. 
The  last  daughter  is  still  in  the  school,  a  Junior 
in  the  High  School  Department,  and  her  two 
grandsons  have  already  entered  the  Training 
School,  which  is  part  of  the  Normal  School  De¬ 
partment. 

ENLARGE  THE  BORDERS  OF  YOUR 

TENT 

During  the  first  decade  the  school  grew 
steadily,  becoming  more  and  more  self-sup¬ 
porting.  An  addition  was  made  to  the  original 
building,  costing  about  $1,200,  providing 
another  dormitory,  an  assembly  room  used 
also  as  a  study  hall  and  recitation  room,  and 
three  smaller  rooms,  two  being  used  as  offices 
and  the  third  as  a  music  room.  These  were 
about  eight  by  ten  feet,  the  music  room  con¬ 
taining  a  piano  and  two  large  book  cases  with 
school  supplies  of  ink,  paper,  books,  leaving 
but  little  room  for  students ! 

Another  of  these  cubicles  is  still  the  office 
of  the  Lone  Pine  Principal,  containing  filing 


Enlarged 

School 


20 


cTPe  Jone  Pine  Principal 


case,  book  case  and  desk.  If  a  chair  is  moved 
carefully  in  a  certain  direction,  the  door  may 
be  closed  but  on  account  of  the  book  case  it 
can  never  be  opened  wide.  For  the  last  fifteen 
years  this  has  been  the  powerhouse  of  this 
remarkable  school,  though  wholly  inadequate 
and  unfit  for  the  purpose. 

The  third  of  these  cubby  holes  is  the  office 
of  a  fatherly  old  Chinese  teacher  and  also  the 
only  rest  room  for  men  teachers,  if  they  rest 
standing  up.  Mr.  Shi  (“Shi”  meaning  a  stone), 
teaches  reading  and  writing  of  Chinese  charac¬ 
ters,  Chinese  composition,  lectures  on  Chinese 
classics,  is  advisor  on  the  school  board,  takes 

responsibility  over  the  school 
compound  during  vacations 
and  when  many  animals  are 
dying  from  disease,  the  meat 
being  sold  on  the  street,  he  it 
is  who  warns  the  Principal 
that  none  of  this  contami- 


Mr.  Shi  and 
Mr.  Yeh 


c7Pe  Jone  Pine  Principal 


21 


nated  meat  be  bought  for  the  girls.  But  for 
such  loyal,  faithful  Chinese  helpers  this  history 
could  never  be  written. 

A  small  temporary  building  had  to  be 
erected  for  a  dining  room  which  immediately 
became  also  sewing  room,  recitation  room, 
social  hall  and  evening  prayer  meeting  room. 

Already  these  girl  graduates  were  going  to 
our  other  stations  as  teachers,  this  school  being 
then  the  only  source  of  teaching  supply.  A 
normal  training  department  became  more  and 
more  necessary  and  this  course  was  added, 
though  bedrooms  had  to  be  utilized  as  class 
rooms  and  some  classes  taught  at  night.  The 
small  day  school  pupils  from  the  town  and 
smaller  boarding  pupils  making  up  this  train¬ 
ing  school  caused  so  much  commotion  that  the 


Teachers 


22 


cTP.e  done  Pine  Principal 


high  school  classes  could  not  study,  the  one 
building  still  serving  as  dormitory  besides  be¬ 
ing  Grammar  School,  High  School  and  Nor¬ 
mal  School.  Teachers  sat  on  beds  with  two 
classes  in  each  room,  even  the  three  cubby¬ 
hole  cubicles  having  to  serve  as  class  rooms 
for  this  growing  work.  Classes  had  to  be  held 
also  in  the  temporary  dining  room  with  bricks 
falling  out  of  walls,  broken  cement  floor,  the 
clatter  of  dishes,  talking  of  cooking  school 
classes,  practicing  on  the  second  hand  organ, 
sewing  class  in  one  corner,  and  other  interest¬ 
ing  things  often  going  on  at  the  same  time. 

Originally,  the  girls  came  from  homes 
where  grandmothers,  mothers  and  even  the 
girls  themselves  had  bound  feet  so  that  when 
they  came  to  the  Girls’  School  they  never 
wanted  to  play  and  many  feet  had  to  be  pain¬ 
fully  unbound. 

Hsia  Kwei  Djen  was  the  first  girl  who 


The 

misshaped , 

broken 

feet 


23 


^fpe  done  Pine  Principal 


entered  with  bound  feet.  The  mother’s  con¬ 
sent  to  unbind  them  was  sought  and  refused 
because  Kwei  Djen  was  already  engaged  to 
be  married  and  the  mother-in-law  must  con¬ 
sent.  A  few  weeks  later  her  answer  came 
saying  she  could  never  agree  as  she  wanted  a 
daughter-in-law  with  small  feet. 

A  few  months  afterward  Kwei  Djen  was 
baptized  and  herself  decided  that  she  would  un¬ 
bind  her  feet  no  matter  what  persecution  she 
might  suffer,  for  she  knew  now  it  was  wrong 
not  to  have  feet  the  way  God  had  made  them. 
Not  even  the  mission  doctor  could  help,  so  once 
more  the  brave  young  girl  from  Pleasant 
Valley  faced  a  new,  untried  task.  Kwei  was 
put  to  bed,  her  feet  carefully  unbound  and 
carefully,  twice  a  day,  the  misshaped,  broken 
feet  were  gently  soaked,  rubbed 
with  oil  and  straightened  out  by 
placing  bits  of  cotton  beneath  the 
toes,  bandaging  them  finally  with 
paste-board  to  hold  the  broken 
bones  straight  until  healed.  It 
would  be  hard  to  say  whose 


0 

Hsia  Kwei  Djen  and 
two  little  boys 


24 


o Q>ne  Pine  Principal 


t 


suffering  was  the  greater,  that  of  the  little  girl 
tossing  through  painful,  sleepless  nights,  or 
her  compassionate  nurse,  also  sleepless  with 
the  pain  of  China’s  womanhood. 

Kwei  Djen  while  slowly  mending  the  broken 
bones  decided  that  she,  a  Christian,  could  not 
marry  a  non-Christian  boy.  After  graduating 
as  one  of  that  first  class  of  two,  she  remained 
to  teach  a  while  both  in  the  Girls’  School  and 
at  South  Gate,  then  married  a  Christian  man 
and  is  now  living  in  Shanghai,  as  you  already 
know. 

So  little  by  little  the  girls  were  encouraged 
to  play  out  of  doors  and  later  a  gymnasium 
became  imperative  for  the  physical  develop¬ 
ment  of  these  girls. 

The  new  gymnasium  meant  new  life  to  such 
girls  as  Kwei  Djen  and  all  the  Chinese  girls. 
This  was  built  at  a  cost  of  seven  or  eight 
hundred  dollars,  the  vision  of  a  rest  home  in  the 
mountains  materializing  into  bricks  and  mortar 


New  life 
to  Kwei 
Djen 


25 


c77ie  o Qyne  Pine  Principal 


under  a  more  impelling  vision  of  transformed 
womanhood. 

Even  with  a  very  meager  equipment,  the 
gymnasium  has  justified  the  builder  and  was 
barely  under  cover  before  the  overcrowded 
classes  swarmed  to  the  new  building  and  music 
pupils  vied  with  each  other  in  getting  to 
practice  there.  A  few  years  ago  the  Mission 
financed  putting  in  glass  windows,  as  the  gym 
became  the  public  auditorium  for  the  school 
activities. 

STUDENT  STRIKE 


In  1919  after  the  Peace  Conference  when 
Japan  claimed  the  right  to  the  rich  Province 
of  Shantung,  treasured  by  the  Chinese  as  the 


The  vision  of  a 
Rest  Home 


The  Gymnasium — the  vision  materialized 


26 


c7fie  Jpnc  Pine  Principal 


birthplace  of  Confucius  and  the  sages,  Chinese 
students  sent  petitions  to  the  rulers,  pleading 
that  this  territory  be  kept.  These  petitions 
not  being  heeded  the  students  boycotted  all 
Japanese  goods  and  every  school  was,  for  the 
time,  turned  into  a  workshop  where  they  manu¬ 
factured  articles  to  replace  those  imported. 
Thousands  of  students  paraded  the  streets  dis¬ 
tributing  literature,  stopping  at  large  and  small 
stores  alike  demanding  that  all  Japanese  goods 
be  handed  over  to  them.  Girls  and  boys  both 
joined  in  the  parade  while  anxious  missionaries 
and  teachers  rode  along  in  rickshas  to  chaper¬ 
one  pupils,  at  the  same  time  fearing  that  they 
themselves  might  be  thought  to  be  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  uprising.  Telegraph  poles, 
trees  and  houses  were  decorated  with  Japanese 
umbrellas,  hats  and  other  articles,  but  the  mass 
of  loot  was  carried  to  the  public  athletic 
grounds  where  in  the  presence  of  thousands  a 
speech  was  made  and  fire  set  to  the  pile. 


Student 

Parade 


27 


cjfie  Jone  Pine  Principalis^ 


The  memory  of  those  days  will  never  be 
blotted  from  the  mind  of  the  Lone  Pine 
Principal  nor  from  the  mind  of  many  another, 
it  being  to  them  the  Birthday  of  Chinese 
patriotism  marked  by  genuine  self  sacrifice. 

The  old  temporary,  heterogeneous  dining 
room  could  no  longer  stand  up  under  the  con¬ 
flicting  strain  and  as  the  roof  refused  further 
repairs,  the  new  gymnasium  opened  wide  her 
friendly  doors  to  the  hungry  students,  proving 
her  adaptability  not  to  be  outdone  by  any 
previous  or  contemporary  room — not  even  by 
the  Lone  Pine  Principal’s  office. 

Meanwhile,  the  High  School  teachers  and 
pupils  demanded  more  room  and  quiet,  so  as 
there  was  no  building  fund  the  old  dilapidated 
dining  room  and  kitchen  were  torn  down,  not 
one  brick  left  upon  another  and  all  were  car- 


Schools  as  workshops 


28 


cJpc  done  Pine  Principal 


ried  in  baskets  on  poles  suspended 
from  men’s  shoulders  to  the  other 
end  of  the  compound  south  of  the 
gymnasium.  Here  these  same 
bricks  were  proud  to  find  a  per¬ 
manent  home  in  the  walls  of  a 
Kindergarten  Primary  School. 
As  the  young  normal  teachers 
came  daily  down  the  long  walk 
between  rows  of  pine  trees  with 
troops  of  happy  little  children, 
even  the  bricks  seemed  to  glow 
with  pride  and  satisfaction,  and 
the  new  tiled  roof  spread  out 
protectingly. 


Kindergarten  Primary  School 


THE  DAY  BEFORE  CHRISTMAS 
Tsedema  was  going  out  to  buy  ducks,  bean 
curd,  and  vegetables  for  the  Christmas  dinner. 
For  many  years  Tsedema  had  bought  all  the 
food  for  the  school,  being  conscientious  and 
honest  to  a  fault.  From  morning  to  night  she 
had  worked  away,  doing  her  own  and  others’ 
work,  and  washing  windows  when  time  hung 
heavy  on  her  hands.  Once  when  urged  by  the 
anxious  Principal  to  rest  a  while,  Tsedema 
said,  “I  cannot  stay  here  and  eat  your  food  and 
do  nothing.”  She  packed  up  her  little  bag  and 
but  for  the  pleading  of  her  many  friends  she 
would  have  gone  to  her  country  home.  Now 
as  she  went  rushing  along  down  the  alley,  shod 
in  old  discarded  shoes  and  a  black  cloth  tied 
over  her  head,  she  suddenly  looked  down  in  a 
little  gutter  and  saw  a  tiny 
baby  wrapped  in  old  footbind¬ 
ing  rags.  Dropping  her  basket 
she  ran  back  to  the  school 
where  the  girls  and  teachers 
were  gathered  for  morning 
worship  and  excitedly  called 
out,  “Oh,  come  and  see  what 
we’ve  found  on  the  street.” 


Little  Hivei  Sen  and 
two  older  girls 


30 


clPc  Jone  Pine  Principal 


Miss  Fuh 

Superintendent 
of  Primary 
School 


Ready  for  any  emergency  the  Principal  from 
Lone  Pine  slipped  quietly,  yet  quickly  out  and 
followed  Tsedema.  When  they  reached  the 
spot  a  crowd  of  women  and  a  Buddhist  nun 
from  a  nearby  temple  gathered,  and  there  in 
the  midst  lay  the  almost  lifeless  babe  whom 
none  of  them  would  touch  save  with  their  feet. 

When  asked  if  they  would  take  the  babe 
into  their  homes,  they  said,  “No,  it  would  bring 
bad  luck  to  our  homes  to  take  a  child  cast 
away.”  When  asked  if  they  would  bear  witness 
that  the  missionary  had  not  stolen  the  child 
they  quickly  said,  “Oh !  yes,  and  you  will  lay  up 
much  merit!”  Riots  had  often  been  caused  by 
rumors  that  babies  had  been  stolen  by  mission¬ 
aries  to  make  medicine  out  of  their  eyes.  So 
extra  care  had  to  be  taken  to  avoid  this.  The 
babe  was  carried  to  the  dormitory  where  all 
the  girls  excitedly  gathered  around  and  wel¬ 
comed  this  stray  cast-away  to  share  their 
home  and  school.  A  young  Christian  mother, 
a  former  pupil  of  the  Girls’  School,  came  and 
kept  the  wee  babe  close  to  her  own  body  dur¬ 
ing  the  night  to  restore  warmth  and  life  to  the 
babe.  For  several  weeks  the  babe  was  kept  in 
the  home  of  the  Principal,  then  wisely  taken 
with  her  nurse  to  the  dormitory  where  she  be¬ 
came  the  school  baby  and  grew  up  among  these 
girls  as  a  little  sister.  When  the  time  came  to 
name  her,  the  fatherly  old  Chinese  teacher, 
Mr.  Shi,  searched  in  the  book  of  one  hundred 
names  and  chose  the  first  name  in  the  book, 
Djao,  for  the  family  name  and  Hwei  Sen  for  a 


given  name,  meaning  “born  with  mercy,”  as  she 
had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  fall  into  the  hands 
of  such  friends  instead  of  being  eaten  by  the 
dogs  or  cast  into  the  baby  tower. 

Hwei  Sen  is  still  in  the  school,  growing  and 
developing  into  a  fine  little  girl.  Old  Tsedema 
loves  her  fondly  as  a  grandmother. 


A  NEW  DINING  ROOM 

At  last,  in  1918,  a  permanent  dining  room 
was  built.  Every  building  was  crowded  be¬ 
yond  its  capacity,  so  the  new  building  was 
built  in  the  form  of  an  H.  In  the  right  wing 
are  two  dining  rooms,  one  for  Primary  chil¬ 
dren  and  one  for  High  School  and  Normal 
students.  All  these  girls  are  served  their  own 
foods,  the  principal  dish  being  rice.  They  eat 
with  chopsticks  just  as  in  their  own  homes. 

In  the  connecting  link  are  kitchen,  store  room 
for  provisions,  lamp  and  broom  closet.  In  the 
left  wing  are  three  rooms,  dressing  room,  bath 
and  laundry.  When  this  was  completed,  how- 


room 


32 


cJtie  Jpnc  Pine  Principal 


ever,  the  library  had  to  be  moved  into  the  din¬ 
ing  rooms  and  the  first  piano  bought  by  the 
music  tuition  was  placed  there.  As  though 
this  were  not  sufficient,  the  broom  and  lamp 
closet  had  to  consent  to  be  the  matron’s  room, 
the  girls’  dressing  room  to  be  a  composite  of 
dispensary,  chemical  laboratory,  sewing  room, 
ironing  room,  sterilizing  room  for  clothing  and 
bedding,  evening  prayer  room  for  primary 
children,  and  Bible  class  room  for  women 
servants  in  the  afternoon  when  not  in  use  for 
some  other  purpose.  The  middle  of  these  three 
rooms  in  the  left  wing  is  the  school  bath  room 
provided  with  ten  small,  round  or  oval  wooden 
tubs,  four  to  five  inches  deep  and  perhaps  two 
feet  in  diameter.  Every  morning  Tsedema 

heats  the  water  on  a  special  stove, 
in  a  tiny  room  beside  the  matron’s 
room,  hands  it  out  of  a  window 
to  the  girls  who  carry  it  across 
the  passage-way  to  the  bathroom. 
This  is  not  ideal  by  any  means 
but  even  so  is  the  result  of  much 
ingenuity  when  the  city  of  Nank¬ 
ing  still  has  no  system.  These 
buildings  are  lighted  only  by 


Happiness 


cTfie  Jone  Pine  Principal 


33 


lanterns  hung  in  all  the  rooms  and  halls,  lamps 
being  used  in  the  study  hall  only.  Electricity 
is  beginning  to  be  used  in  Nanking,  and  friends 
of  the  Lone  Pine  Principal  long  for  the  time 
when  electric  lights  will  gleam  in  every  room, 
lifting  a  burden  which  has  rested  heavily  upon 
her  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  as  she  sleeps 
brokenly,  waking  often  to  look  over  toward 
the  dormitory  fearing  lest  a  fire  break  out  in 
her  beloved  school.  Only  poor  old  Tsedema 
would  be  lost  without  her  lanterns  to  clean! 

“The  soul  without  imagination  is  what  an 
observatory  would  be  without  a  telescope.” 


A  MODEL  HOME 


Fully  three-fourths  of  all  the  girls  who  at¬ 
tend  the  Girls’  School  marry 
and  go  into  homes  of  their  own. 

For  years  the  girl  from  Pleas¬ 
ant  Valley  dreamed  of  a  little 
house  built  entirely  of  Chinese 
materials  and  of  Chinese  archi¬ 
tecture,  with  possible  improve¬ 
ments  on  the  ordinary  Chinese 
home,  where  her  girls  might  be 


The  girls  marry 


34 


clPe  Jone  Pine  Principal 


trained  to  be  housekeepers  and  homemakers. 
Finally  she  dreamed  it  into  being  as  a  sculptor, 
an  artist,  or  a  poet  puts  into  marble,  on  canvas, 
or  on  paper,  the  images  of  his  soul.  This 
beautiful  little  dream  house  is  built  up  on  a 
foundation  and  has  screened  windows  and 
doors.  Inside  it  is  arranged  similarly  to  a 
Chinese  house,  with  reception  room,  dining 
room,  two  bedrooms;  with  clothes  closets, 
kitchen  and  bathroom,  for  which  they  still 
borrow  a  tub.  Several  improvements  have 
been  added,  a  little  fireplace  in  the  dining  room 
with  cupboards  on  either  side  for  books  and 
dishes.  In  the  kitchen,  inventive  genius  has 
put  iron  doors  on  the  Chinese  stove,  and  a 
combination  laundry  tub  and  sink  with  cup¬ 
board  beneath.  Groups  of  six  girls  and  a 


Dreamed  into  being 


35 


clPe  Jonc  Pine  Principal 


teacher  spend  several  months  there  while 
studying  domestic  art.  The  curtains  and 
draperies  are  all  Chinese  materials,  and  every¬ 
thing  taught  is  to  help  them  be  better  home¬ 
makers.  No  girl  graduates  without  having 
had  a  course  there. 

There  are  visitors  daily  coming  to  see  this 
model  Chinese  home,  students  returned  from 
America,  missionaries  of  other  Societies, 
students  from  government  schools  and  many 
others  who  want  to  see  and  have  better  homes. 
Friends  of  the  Lone  Pine  Principal  should 
duplicate  this  dream  house,  as  several  such 
units  are  greatly  needed  and  would  cost  but 
one  thousand  dollars  each. 

Despite  this  slow  growth  with  poor  equip¬ 
ment  and  few  workers,  eight  hundred  girls 


Some  of  the  girls  who  have  gone  to  Ginling  College 


36 


clPe  done  Pine  Principal 


have  attended  this  Christian  Girls’  School. 
Fifty-two  of  these  have  graduated  from  High 
School,  ten  have  gone  on  to  Ginling  College, 
which  has  been  open  but  six  years,  the  only 
college  for  girls  in  the  Yangtse  valley.  One 
girl  came  to  Bethany  College  and  others  have 
come  to  various  colleges  and  universities  in 
America.  Teachers  have  gone  to  every  one  of 
the  other  mission  stations.  Other  mission 
and  government  schools  are  constantly  asking 
for  these  fine  teachers,  but  the  supply  is  not 
equal  to  the  demand.  Several  have  gone  into 
specialized  schools  to  prepare  for  physical 
education  and  kindergarten. 

The  majority  of  all  these  girls  become 
Christians  and  Central  China  is  being  dotted 
over  with  their  homes  and  their  children  are 
already  coming  to  the  Primary  School  on  the 
campus. 

As  by-products  of  this  great  school,  three 
independent  schools  have  been  opened,  one  in 
the  North  Anhwei  province,  one  in  Shanghai, 


Music 

class 


cTfic  Jone  Pine  Principal 


37 


and  one  outside  the  city  wall  of  Nanking.  Out¬ 
side  this  North  Gate  is  a  prominent  resident 
and  business  section  of  the  city.  Many  of  the 
better  educated  people  live  here  as  students 
who  have  been  abroad  or  from  other  mission 
schools.  Nanking  is  still  a  walled  city,  the 
wall  extending  twenty-one  miles  around.  It 
is  seventy  feet  high  and  broad  enough  for  two 
Fords  to  run  abreast  if  they  could  scale  the 
height.  This  very  wall  has  been  standing 
for  centuries  and  is  still  in  good  repair.  There 
are  eight  double  sets  of  gates,  inner  and  outer, 
around  the  wall,  closely  guarded  and  closed 
every  night.  There  are  guard  towers  on  the 
wall  at  frequent  intervals  and  soldiers  pacing 
between. 

On  the  twentieth  anniversary  of  the  school, 


Some  of  the  Alumni 


38 


(7Pe  done  Pine  Principal  s 


in  1916,  the  alumni  met  at  a  dinner  and  there 
planned  to  open  a  school  in  Hsia  Gwan  as  a 
memorial  to  their  Alma  Mater.  A  number  of 
other  former  undergraduate  students  also 
helped.  A  two  story  Chinese  building  was 
rented.  One  of  their  own  number  teaches  the 
school  with  the  aid  of  a  hired  teacher.  Other 
of  the  former  students  who  live  near  enough 
come  from  their  own  homes  to  help  teach  the 
classes.  This  Alumni  school  has  seven 
grades,  after  which  the  students  enter  the  Pre¬ 
paratory  High  School  at  the  Christian  Girls’ 
School,  thus  being  a  feeder  for  the  mother 
school.  During  these  five  years  since  the  an¬ 
niversary  there  has  been  an  average  of  fifty 
girls  a  year  attending  the  little  church  nearby. 
This  was  the  very  section  where  the  girl  from 
Pleasant  Valley  began  her  evangelistic  work 
many  years  ago,  holding  meetings  for  women 
in  a  hired  building.  Now  this  school  is  a  center 
of  strong  Christian  influence  to  the  community, 


School  of 
Ninety 
Supported 
by  Alumni 
of  the 
Christian 
Girls'  School 


39 


c7ite  Jone  Pine  Principal 


as  the  Bible  woman  holds  meetings  here  reg¬ 
ularly  and  visits  in  the  homes  of  the  pupils. 
The  older  girls  from  the  mother  school  also 
come  regularly  to  help  teach  classes  on  Sunday. 
This  wonderful  memorial  school  is  entirely 
supported  by  the  Alumni  and  former  students 
who  have  now  borrowed  money  and  purchased 
land  on  which  to  build  their  own  school  build¬ 
ing.  They  have  pledged  to  pay  back  the  bor¬ 
rowed  money  this  fall,  then  begin  to  get  funds 
for  the  building.  The  whole  school  is  pat¬ 
terned  after  the  original  and  the  same  spirit 
of  loyalty  is  already  displayed  by  the  student 
body. 

While  the  Lone  Pine  Principal  keeps  on  with 
her  work,  patiently,  untiringly,  optimistic  al¬ 
ways,  despite  the  years  of  waiting  for  funds 


out  every  year 


40 


cJpc  Jone  Pine  Principal 


for  enlargement  and  adequate  equipment,  her 
pupils  go  out  every  year  enlarging  more  and 
more  the  sphere  of  her  influence  and  every¬ 
where  they  go  they  take  the  message  of  Christ. 
So  as  these  lines  are  read,  on  the  far  frontier, 
as  missionaries,  in  schools,  as  teachers,  in 
homes  and  hospitals  as  nurses,  in  homes  of 
wealth  and  influence,  in  common  homes  as 
well,  with  children  by  their  side,  we  see  the 
outreach  of  an  unfaltering  faith  lengthening  the 
cords  and  strengthening  the  stakes.  But  does 
this  work  belong  to  the  Lone  Pine  Principal? 
No!  It  is  our  work  and  she  but  the  one  who 
has  gone  as  ambassador  for  us.  For  twenty- 
five  years  have  we  kept  her  watching  and 
waiting  for  help  we  should  have  given. 

Arise — the  King’s  business  requireth  haste! 


Girls  baptized  Easter  Sunday 


41 


cTfie  done  Pine  Principal 


The  Girls’  School  campus  is 
enclosed  by  a  wall  eight  to  ten 
feet  high  with  one  gate  and  a 
faithful  old  keeper.  East  of 
this  campus  lies  a  piece  of 
ground  that  the  mission  has 
tried  for  years  to  procure.  The 
Standard  Oil  Company  of 
China  has  also  tried  to  buy  it 
but  finally  in  January  of  1921, 
it  was  secured  and  a  wall  ex¬ 
tended  around  it.  This  plat  is 
covered  with  mulberry  trees 
and  gardens.  The  mulberries 
were  grown  to  feed  silk  worms. 
The  final  arrangements  for 
purchase  of  this  land  were  in¬ 
volved  with  formal  dinners, 
with  acceptance  and  refusal  of 
money,  with  sudden  increase 
in  prices,  until  days  and  weeks 


The  Gate  Keeper 


The 

girls  from 
Java 


42 


(77ie  done  Pine  Principal 


were  fraught  with  uplift  and  depression.  To 
tell  it  all  would  fill  a  whole  volume. 

An  educated  Chinese  man  of  big  business  in 
Java,  who  has  sent  thirteen  or  sixteen  girls 
from  there  to  the  Girls’  School,  heard  of  the 
proposed  buying  of  land  for  enlargement,  and 
sent  one  thousand  dollars  to  help  buy  it.  The 
need  for  this  land  is  apparent,  as  all  the  older 
buildings  are  outgrown.  The  greatest  demand 
is  a  High  School  with  every  modern  equipment. 
The  High  School  still  meets  in  the  dormitory, 
making  it  necessary  for  the  girls  to  be  crowded 
in  small  beds  set  tightly  together.  Last  year 
large  numbers  of  girls  had  to  be  turned  away 
as  there  was  no  room  for  them  to  sleep.  This 
brought  sorrow  to  the  Principal  who  knew  this 
meant  forcing  them  to  attend  non-Christian 
schools  or  else  receiving  no  education.  One 
hundred  and  seventy  roomed  in  the  dormitory 
last  year  and  this  number  could  be  greatly  in¬ 
creased  with  the  new  badly  needed  equipment, 


Beds  set  tightly 
together 


cTftc  c/one  Pine  Principal 


43 


to  say  nothing  of  the  better  training  that  could 
be  given  the  pupils.  This  new  High  School 
could  be  built  for  twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 

Besides  this,  there  should  be  a  home  for  the 
missionaries,  commodious  and  comfortable, 
costing  perhaps  three  or  four  thousand  dollars. 
Then  the  building  now  used  as  a  home  for  the 
workers  could  be  used  for  a  school  of  music  and 
relieve  the  confusion  and  congestion  in  dining¬ 
rooms,  gymnasium  and  dormitory. 

Then  on  the  east  end  of  this  new  ground, 
the  Principal  dreams  of  a  building  where  wo¬ 
men  and  girls  from  the  town  may  come  daily 
to  learn  how  to  sew,  or  to  cook,  to  read  and  be 
taught  about  Jesus.  She  dreams  of  a  play¬ 
ground  for  children  and  such  forms  of  practical 


Faculty 


44 


c#fe  done  Pine  Principal 


service  where  girls  from  the  school  may  be 
taught  to  help  those  less  fortunate.  Two  or 
three  thousand  dollars  would  make  this  dream 
a  reality. 

Twenty-five  years  have  now  passed  since  the 
Christian  Girls’  School  was  opened  and  the 
Lone  Pine  Principal  started  the  work  with  the 
five  girls.  She  has  not  done  this  alone,  but  with 
the  support  and  practical  help  of  the  others, 
who  beside  their  own  work  have  taught  or  ad¬ 
vised  with  her,  and  have  been  true  friends  at  all 
times.  These  true  and  tried  friends  of  the  past 
and  the  present  and  future  should  have  name 
plates  around  the  new  High  School  or  else¬ 
where  and  all  would  remember  Macklin,  Meigs, 
Kelly,  Settlemyer,  Butchart,  McCallum  and 
many  another.  Friends  there  have  been  who 
have  come  from  across  seas,  have  seen,  have 
tarried  to  wonder,  and  have  hallowed  these 


Serving 

dinner 

to  the 
teachers 


cTfie  Jone  Pine  Principal 


45 


halls  with  their  presence. — A.  McLean,  Mrs. 
Jerould,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  A.  Doan,  S.  J.  Corey, 
and  others,  among  them  Margaret  Frazee, 
whose  home  once  was  Lone  Pine,  Pleasant 
Valley.  She  tarried  five  months  among  them 
and  loved  the  school,  teachers,  and  pupils. 

Who  will  answer  the  unspoken  challenge? 
Who  will  follow  the  gleam  like  the  girl  from 
Lone  Pine,  Pleasant  Valley,  and  find  a  life 
work  worth  while  in  China,  in  Congo,  or  else¬ 
where  ? 


Dreams  of  a 
Playground 
for  Children 


46 


c7Ite  Jone  Pine  Principal 


Planting  Trees  on 
the  New  Ground 


\  J| 

i>  y 

1 

m 

!/• 

The  Wedding  Party 


Girls  from  the  Mother  School 


47 


c7)ie  Jovlc  Pine  Principal 


One  of  the  Ginling  Girls 
The  daughter  of  a  contractor 


» 


p 


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